The immune system is one of the most important defense mechanisms protecting the body against infections and diseases. In some diseases, however, the immune system may not function effectively enough or may have difficulty recognizing diseased cells. Immunotherapy is one of the modern treatment methods that aims to strengthen or redirect the immune system.
Immunotherapy, which has led to significant advancements in cancer treatment, especially in recent years, is among the effective treatment options that can prolong life expectancy and improve quality of life in suitable patients.
In which diseases is immunotherapy used?
Immunotherapy is most commonly used to treat various types of cancer. However, it is not a suitable method for every cancer patient. The treatment decision is made by evaluating the type of cancer, its stage, molecular characteristics, and the patient's overall health status.
The main diseases for which immunotherapy can be used are:
- Lung cancer
- Melanoma (skin cancer)
- Kidney cancer
- Bladder cancer
- Head and neck cancers
- Liver cancer
- Esophageal cancer
- Stomach cancer
- Some types of colon cancer
- Hodgkin lymphoma
- Some other types of lymphoma
Not every patient receives the same treatment. Therefore, suitability for immunotherapy is determined by a detailed evaluation by an oncology specialist.
How is immunotherapy administered?
Immunotherapy is usually administered intravenously as a serum. Treatment is planned at specific intervals, and the duration of administration may vary depending on the drug used.
Patients are monitored regularly during treatment. Blood tests, imaging methods, and clinical evaluations are used to track the effectiveness of the treatment and potential side effects.
In some patients, immunotherapy is used alone, while in others it may be used in combination with chemotherapy, targeted therapies, or radiotherapy.
Advantages of Immunotherapy
In suitable patients, immunotherapy can provide significant benefits.
The main advantages are as follows:
- It can help the immune system recognize cancer cells.
- It can provide long-term disease control.
- It can prolong life expectancy in some patients.
- It can yield effective results in certain types of cancer.
- It can provide a better quality of life for some patients compared to chemotherapy.
- It can be an important part of personalized treatment plans.
The benefit of treatment may vary depending on the patient's clinical characteristics.
Possible Side Effects
Because immunotherapy affects the immune system, some patients may develop different side effects.
The most common side effects are:
- Weakness
- Skin rash
- Itching
- Fire
- Diarrhea
- Nausea
- Joint pain
- Thyroid dysfunction
More rarely, inflammation can develop in the lungs, intestines, liver, kidneys, or hormone-producing glands as a result of the immune system attacking healthy tissues. Therefore, regular doctor check-ups are very important during the treatment process.
Things to Consider During the Treatment Process
Patients receiving immunotherapy need to have their treatment progress closely monitored.
Among the recommendations are:
- Don't miss your check-up appointments.
- Do not use medication without a doctor's recommendation.
- Report newly emerging complaints promptly.
- Eating a balanced diet
- Drink enough fluids.
- Taking care to protect oneself from infections.
- Maintain regular physical activity.
Early detection of side effects contributes to the safe continuation of treatment.
Is Immunotherapy Suitable for Every Patient?
Immunotherapy is not a suitable treatment for every cancer patient. The decision regarding treatment is made by considering the type and stage of cancer, biomarker results, previous treatments, and the patient's overall health status.
Therefore, suitability for immunotherapy can only be determined after a thorough oncological evaluation.
Conclusion
Immunotherapy stands out as one of the most important advancements in cancer treatment in recent years. This treatment, which aims to fight cancer cells by supporting the immune system, can achieve successful results in suitable patients. Regular follow-up, adherence to physician recommendations, and a personalized treatment plan are crucial for the effectiveness and safety of the treatment.
